Tesla Motors May Consider Replacing Rare Earth Magnets With Low-performance Ferrites

Due to supply chain issues and environmental concerns, Tesla's powertrain division is working to remove rare earth magnets from electric motors, and Looking for alternatives.

 

Tesla té no no encara inventat an enterament nou imant material, so it may use existing technology for a while, most likely to use Barat and easy to manufacture ferrites.

 

By carefully positioning ferrite magnets and adjusting other aspects of motor design, many of the properties of rare earth-driven motors can be replicated Index. In this case, the weight of the motor has only increased by about 30 percent , which is this relative to the overall weight of the car

El nou imant material necessitats per tenir el següent tres bàsics característiques: 1) it necessitats per ser magnètic: 2) it continua a ser magnètic en la presència de altres magnètics camps; 3) Can suport alt temperatura.

 

Tencent Tecnologia Notícies notícies, elèctric cotxe fabricant Tesla va dir que its cotxe motors voluntat no més llarg ús rar terra elements, que significa Enginyers qui tast Tesla voluntat tenir per alliberar la seva creativitat per trobar alternatives.

 

Last month, at Tesla's Investor Day event, Elon Musk released "Master Plan Part III." Among them, there is A small detail caused a stir in the field of physics. Colin Campbell, an executive in Tesla's powertrain division, announced that his team is working on Removing rare earth magnets from motors is due to supply chain issues and excessive negative impact from the production of rare earth magnets.

A aconseguir això, Campbell presentat dos diapositives implicar tres misteriós materials que eren intel·ligentment etiquetat per rara terra 1, rar terra 2 i rara terra 3. El primer diapositiva representa el actual estat de Tesla, que utilitza anywhere de half a kilogram to 10 grams in each vehicle. On the second slide, the number of rare earth elements used drops to zero.

 

Per a magnetistes qui estudi el màgic poder de certs materials degut a el moviment de electrons, el identitat de rara terra 1 és fàcil per identificar, que és és neodimi. Quan afegit a comú elements tal as ferro i bor, aquest metall can ajuda crear a fort, sempre-en magnètic camp. Però pocs materials tenir això qualitat, produir Tesla cotxes que són gran suficient per moure's més que 2,000} quilogram cicatrius, i el camps magnètics de molts altres coses de industrials robots a lluitador jets, tenir menys rar terra elements. If Tesla compta

A treure neodimi i altres rares terres elements de el motor, que imant will it use instead?

 

One thing is certain for physicists: Tesla didn't invent an entirely new magnet material. Andy Blackburn, executive vice president of strategy at NIron Magnetics, said: "In more than 100 years, we may only have a few opportunities to get new commercial magnets." NIronMagnetics is one of the few startups trying to seize the next opportunity.

 

Blackburn i altres believe it's more likely that Tesla has decided to use a much less powerful magnet Will be it. Among the many possibilities, the most obvious candidate is ferrita: a ceramic composed of iron and oxygen, with A small amount of metal, such as strontium, is mixed. It is cheap and easy to manufacture around the world since the 50s of the 20th century

Frigorífic portes són fabricats dins això manera.

 

But by volume, ferrites are only one-tenth the magnetism of neodymium magnets, which raises new questions. Tesla first Executive Elon Musk has always been known for being uncompromising, but if Tesla is going to switch to ferrite, it seems that it must make something

Algunes concessions. It's fàcil per pensar que bateries són el poder de cotxes elèctrics, però it's actualment electromagnetisme que drives elèctrics cotxes. It és no coincidència que ambdós el Tesla empresa i el magnètic unitat "Tesla" are named after the same person. When electrons flow through the wires in the motor When turning, they generate an electromagnetic field that pushes the opposite magnetic force, causant the shaft of the motor a tracció les rodes per girar.

Per a el darrere rodes de Tesla vehicles, aquestes forces són proporcionades per an motor elèctric amb a permanent imant, que és a tipus de motor que té A estrany material que estabilitza a a camp magnètic sense any corrent entrada, gràcies a el enginyós espín de electrons al voltant àtoms. Especial Sla només iniciat afegint aquests imants a cotxes sobre cinc anys ago a estendre bateria vida sense actualització el bateria abast i augmentat parell. Previ a aquest, el empresa utilitzat inducció motors fabricat al voltant electroimants, pas que electroimants passat

Magnetisme és generat per consumint electricitat. Aquells models amb a muntat frontal motor are quiet usant aquest model avui.

 

Tesla's moure's a abandonar rar terres i imants maig semblar a bit estrany. cotxe empreses són sovint obsessionats amb sec eficiència, especialment en el cas de vehicles_elèctrics, ells són quiets lluitant per convèncer conductors a superar el seu por de autonomia. Però amb cotxe fabricants

Expandint el producció de vehicles elèctrics és inici, i molts projectes que eren prèviament considerats massa ineficient són re-emergents.

 

This has prompted automakers, incluint Tesla, to produce more cars that use lithium iron phosphate (LFP) bateries. With aquelles Bateries contenint elements such as cobalt and nickel tend to have a shorter range than bateries. This is an older technology,

Greater weight and lower storage capacity. The current Model 3, powered by low-speed power, has a range of 272 miles (approximately 438 km), while the long-range Model S with more advanced batteries can reach 400 miles (640 km). But adopting lithium iron phosphate batteries may be a wiser commercial choice, as it avoids the use of more expensive or even existential ones Material of political risk.

 

It's unlikely Tesla will simply replace imants, like ferrites, with something worse, though, and nothing else Change. Uppsala University physicist Alena Vishna said: "You will carry a huge piece of magnetism in a car Iron. "Afortunadament, motors are quite complex machines, made up of a lot of other parts that could teòricament be reordenat columna to mitigate the impact of using weaker imants.

 

In a ordinador model, materials empresa proterial recentment determinat, by acuradament posicionament el ferrita imant i ajustament el motor set In altres aspectes, molts rendiment indicadors de rara terra drive motors can be replicated. In this case, the weight of the motor only With an increase of around 30 percent , the difference may be small relative to the overall weight of the car.

 

Malgrat aquests mals de cap, cotxe empreses tenir abundància de raons a abandonar rar terra elements, però només si ells fer If tu pot do it. El valor de el enterament rar terra mercat és sobre el mateix as el americà ou mercat, i en teoria, rar terra iuan Primers can ser minat, processat i convertit a magnetisme al voltant el món ferro, però en fet allà són molts reptes a aquests Processos.

 

Thomas Krummer, a mineral analista i popular rar terra rellotge blogger, said: "That's a $10 billion deal but the value of products created anual is between $2 bilions and $3 bilions, que is a enorme palanca. Car It's també true that even if they only contain a pocs quilograms of this substance, removing them means that cars no longer do so Drive, unless you're willing a redissenyar el tot motor. ".

 

El Estats Units i Europa són proves per diversificar aquest subministrament cadena. Califòrnia rar terra mines, que eren tancat en en el primerenc 21st segle, have recentment reopen

Former supply of 15 percent of the world's rare earths. In the United States, government agencies, especially the Department of Defense, need equipment such as aircraft and satellites

According to market research institute AdamasIntelligence, 12 percent of rare earths are currently used in electric vehicles, which is a fledgling market. At the same time, rare earth prices often fluctuate wildly, and external companies often cannot predict these factors

 

Jim Chelikowski, a físic qui estudis magnètic materials at la Universitat de Texas at Austin, said that in summary, If you are in an industry where alternative products can be found, that could be extraordinary. But he said the search was better than ferrite There are a variety of reasons for better alternatives to rare earth magnets. El repte és a trobar a material amb tres característiques bàsiques: 1) it necessitats a ser magnètic; 2) it continua a ser magnètic en la presència de altres magnètics camps; i 3) it can withstand high temperatures. Thermal magnets are no longer imants.

 

Researchers know very well which chemical elements make good magnets, but there are millions of potential atomic arrangements Seed. Some so-called magnet hunters take the approach of starting with hundreds of thousands of possible materials and weeding out those that contain rare earths and then use machine learning to predict the magnetic properties of the remaining material. At the end of last year, Chelikows Key et al. used the system to create a new highly magnetic material containing cobalt.Often the biggest challenge is finding new magnets that are easy to manufacture. Vicina of Uppsala University explained that some newly developed magnets, such as those containing manganese, are promising but unstable. In other cases, scientists know that a material is extremely magnetic, but it can't be mass-made. These include tetragonite, a nickel-iron compound found only from meteorites that must undergo thousands of years of slow cooling to precisely arrange its atoms to the right state. In the lab, efforts to move the process forward faster are ongoing, but not yet bearing fruit.

 

Imant startup Niron: Copy all and search for some. The company says it produces ferrric nitrude imants teòricament comparat to Neodymi is more magnetic. But it is also a volàtil material que és difícil to manufacture and preserve in the desired form. Blackburn said the company is making progress but can't produce imants powerful enough for Tesla's next generation of cars. The first step, he says, is to put the nou imant dins més petit dispositius m'agrada so sistemes.

 

Thomas Krummer, a mineria analista i popular rar terra rellotge blogger, said it was unclear sither other automakers would follow Tesla's move to abandon rare earths. Some companies may insist on making the national credentials move acuradament while while another